The Bill of Rights: Americas Last Defense Against the Federal Suffocat

Is our Bill of Rights unavoidable? Does it put a limit on our govern ment, or on our self-sufficiency? Do these hug drug amendments hold the same meaning today as they did two-hundred and fourteen years ago? Are they in a flash or have they invariably been relevant? These questions were debated by our nations assembleing fathers in the eighteenth century and ride out to be debated by the historians, academics, and policy-making scientists today. Over the course of the pull round two centuries, its meaning has been twisted and stretched by the interpretation and misinterpretation of our legislature and, most of all, by the Supreme Court wielding its index number of judicial review. It is my belief that these rights were and atomic number 18 absolutely essential to maintaining any liberty in this country however, I also believe they have placed a limit on our liberties in that the government has come to restrict many rights that argon non expressly declared in the Constitu tion and the Bill of Rights. Perhaps, it is necessary to convene a convening dedicated to defining and expanding the protected rights and to put these revisions to the deal through normal amendment borderes requiring ratification by three-quarters of the states.To begin, we need to on a lower floorstand what a bill of rights is and where it comes from. Bills, or lists, of rights drove American colonial history, from the Declaration of Rights issued to the British parliament in response to the Stamp Act of 1765, which led to the repeal of that act, to those found in state governments such as Virginia and Delaware during the earliest days of the new nation. These lists were written in response to years of oppression suffered by the colonists at the pass of a tyrannical British government. They outlined certain individual rights that were held to be above government regulation by the philosophy of the time. Though the first ten amendments do not manufacture the first list of ri ghts ever devised, they are the first list incorporated into a national constitution.The founders developed two contradicting viewpoints on this subject, which threatened to bring the process of ratification to a standstill. In his letters, Federalist 84 and Federalist 85, Alexander Hamilton, writing as Publius, summarized the federalist argument against the bill of rights. He presented what I f... ...oncerns, their philosophies are outdated. Perhaps our constitution is inadequate. If this is so, should we not change it rather than consent to the justices of the Supreme Court to decide what it means as they see fit for the current political, social, or economic climate? It took an blameless nation to decide the wording of our present constitution. Is it fair to leave its interpretation in the hands of only nine men and women? Does it make sense to allow them to decide that terms which are written as absolutes could, in some cases, be conditional? I propose a simple solution to th e problem. We, the people of this nation, need to decide what we want our Constitution to say. Then, we need to rephrase the wording so that it cannot be misinterpreted. This would require amending the amendments that are already in place with more(prenominal) specific language. This could restore the effectiveness of the Bill of Rights and put it back in its rightful place, above the national government. Until that time, the only dash the Bill of Rights will continue to provide shelter from government intrusion is to take it at face value and to quit trying to establish conditions under which it doesnt mean what it says. The Bill of Rights Americas Last Defense Against the Federal Suffocat Is our Bill of Rights necessary? Does it put a limit on our government, or on our liberty? Do these ten amendments hold the same meaning today as they did two-hundred and fourteen years ago? Are they now or have they ever been relevant? These questions were debated by our nation s founding fathers in the eighteenth century and continue to be debated by the historians, academics, and political scientists today. Over the course of the last two centuries, its meaning has been twisted and stretched by the interpretation and misinterpretation of our legislature and, most of all, by the Supreme Court wielding its power of judicial review. It is my belief that these rights were and are absolutely essential to maintaining any liberty in this country however, I also believe they have placed a limit on our liberties in that the government has come to restrict many rights that are not expressly declared in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Perhaps, it is necessary to convene a convention dedicated to defining and expanding the protected rights and to put these revisions to the people through normal amendment processes requiring ratification by three-quarters of the states.To begin, we need to understand what a bill of rights is and where it comes from. Bills, o r lists, of rights litter American colonial history, from the Declaration of Rights issued to the British parliament in response to the Stamp Act of 1765, which led to the repeal of that act, to those found in state governments such as Virginia and Delaware during the earliest days of the new nation. These lists were written in response to years of oppression suffered by the colonists at the hands of a tyrannical British government. They outlined certain individual rights that were held to be above government regulation by the philosophy of the time. Though the first ten amendments do not constitute the first list of rights ever devised, they are the first list incorporated into a national constitution.The founders developed two contradicting viewpoints on this subject, which threatened to bring the process of ratification to a standstill. In his letters, Federalist 84 and Federalist 85, Alexander Hamilton, writing as Publius, summarized the federalist argument against the bill of r ights. He presented what I f... ...oncerns, their philosophies are outdated. Perhaps our constitution is inadequate. If this is so, should we not change it rather than allow the justices of the Supreme Court to decide what it means as they see fit for the current political, social, or economic climate? It took an entire nation to decide the wording of our present constitution. Is it fair to leave its interpretation in the hands of only nine men and women? Does it make sense to allow them to decide that terms which are written as absolutes could, in some cases, be conditional? I propose a simple solution to the problem. We, the people of this nation, need to decide what we want our Constitution to say. Then, we need to rephrase the wording so that it cannot be misinterpreted. This would require amending the amendments that are already in place with more specific language. This could restore the effectiveness of the Bill of Rights and put it back in its rightful place, above the nati onal government. Until that time, the only way the Bill of Rights will continue to provide shelter from government intrusion is to take it at face value and to quit trying to establish conditions under which it doesnt mean what it says.

Gender Stereotypes in Culture Essay -- Gender Issues

1.Describe our cultural gender stereotypes, objectification, and media portrayals of women and how these lead to violence against women. Gender is the psychological characteristics and social categories that are created by human culture. Doing gender is the concept that serviceman express their gender when they interact with one another it is done every day without thinking about it. Messages about how a male or female person is supposed to act come from countless places. According to Helen M. Eigenberg in Woman Battering in the United States, Gender construction starts with assignment to a fetch upual practice category on the basis of what the genitalia look like at birth. Then babies are dressed or adorned in a centering that displays the category because parents dont want to be constantly asked whether their baby is a girl or a boy (2001, p. 32). Schools, parents, and friends influence a person. interference of one gender differs from those in another. Gender roles also change. Another major factor that influences millions of impressionable females and males is television. Not only does the television teach each sex how to act, it also shows how one sex should expect the other sex to act. In the current television broadcasting, stereotypical behavior goes from programming for the exceptionally young to freehanded audiences. In this broadcasting range, females are portrayed as motherly, passive and innocent, sex objects, or they are everywherelooked completely or seen as unimportant entities. In the United States, as well as throughout the majority of the world, people are bombarded with commercials, ads, and articles on a daily basis. The information is used to appeal to the masses. clubhouse perpetuates violence against women through the use of the medi... ...d forcing villagers to carry their food, ammunition, and gear into the jungle. Women cannot even walk to the market without being grabbed by the throat and raped. Domestic violenc e, sexual assault, stalking, rape, and so on all intersect with one another. Many forms of violence are used in combination with one another to establish power and control over the victim. In addition, gender stereotypes, objectification, media portrayal of women, and victim blaming increase and cause the use of violence against women. Works CitedEigenberg, H. (2001). Women battering in the united states. Prospect Heights, Illinois Waveland Press, Inc. Herbert, B. (2009, August 7). Women at risk. The New York Times , p. A19-A20.Russell, D. (1993). Pornography causes violence. Against pornography the evidence of harm (p. 149-151). Berkeley, CA Russell Publications.

Getting Tough With Terrorism :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Getting Tough With Terrorism   Which will it be dupe or victory for the United States of America? Our leaders tell us show uply every day that another attack by terrorists -- possibly with nuclear, biologic or chemical weapons -- is imminent. The message seems to be Get your affairs in order, make sure your will is up to date and prepare to meet thy God.   rather of our leaders sending that message to us, how about them sending the message to our enemies in a package more powerful than rhetoric? Whatever happened to the confidence represented by the World War I song, Over There (The Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming... and we wont come back til its over, over there.)? Who has more to fear, them or us? Do we have more to fear than fear itself?   The Sum of All Fears, now playing in a not so nuclear-free zone theater near you, is a film about neo-Nazis (a politically correct choice of a hate group selected to offend hardly anyone), who blow up Baltimore, of all places. In the film, Americans are again at the mercy of crazed hate-mongers. We are portrayed as powerless to do anything about them. Viagra is often prescribed for somatic impotence. Whats the cure for political and military impotence? It is victory   In his remarks to graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, President Bush may have signaled the commence of the end of this victim attitude. Halfway through his speech, he said that our security will require all Americans to be forward-looking and resolute, to be ready for pre-emptive action when necessary to defend our liberty and to defend our lives.(President)   Preemptive action, not reaction, is whats needed. The president said we must uncover terror cells in 60 or more countries. Lets start with one cell in one country, besides Afghanistan. Villagers in some backward country that harbors terrorists should wake up one good morning and notice the terrorists among them are dead or missing. People like Sad dam Hussein, not Americans, should start each day looking in the mirror and wonder if today is their last day on Earth. Money should be missing from terrorist bank accounts all over the world as American intelligence confiscates bear-sized amounts of cash through electronic transfers. Terrorist cells in this country should be located, their headquarters raided and their members arrested before they know what hit them.

A Problem for the Aviation Industry Essay -- Aviation

parting 217 A Problem for the Aviation IndustryOn a cold February evening in 2009, just outside the city of overawe, New York, two pilots crashed a new aircraft on final approach to land into Buffalo Niagara International Airport. In an effort to prevent an accident of a similar nature from happening, the U.S. Congress passed H.R. 5900, the Airline guard and Federal Aviation Administration perpetuation Act. This bill under Title II was aimed to enhance airline safety and in part prevent an accident of this nature from occurring again (U.S. House 2010). Section 217 of the bill pushes the minimum hours required to act as a pilot on a regional carrier up to 1,500 total escapism hours and requires those persons to do an extensive Air Transport Pilots examination (U.S. House 2010). Although some parts of this law encourage safety, it has the potential to cripple the aviation industry. This is so because of the predicted shortage of pilots in the coming years, lost interest of young pilots, potential higher prices for consumers, and loss of jobs. The view that there is a pilot shortage impending has been echoed by many another(prenominal) including Louis Smith, president of FLTOps, a website geared towards finding pilots jobs and providing assistance in rsum building. He states, Pilot hiring was severely depressed in the last threesome years. The next ten years will be the exact opposite, with the longest and largest pilot hiring boom in the history of the industry (Jones). This predicted pilot shortage indoors the next few years is brought on by several reasons the retiring of older pilots from major U.S. carriers, the moving of many pilots to Asia and the Middle East, and the increasing traffic in the fall in States to coincide with a growth of the ... ...24 Feb. 2012. Jones, Charisse. Demand for airline pilots set to soar. Usa today. USA TODAY, 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. Lowy, Joan. Airlines oppose law increasing pilot flight hours. USA TODAY Travel Netwo rk 14 Oct. 2010. Web. 08 Mar. 2012.Sullenberger, Chesley. Interview with CBS This Morning. FAA proposes new rules for co-pilots. Breaking News Headlines Business, Entertainment & World News - CBS News, 28 Feb. 2012. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Loss of control on approach, Colgan Air, Inc. operating as Continental Connection Flight 3407, Bombardier DHC-8-400, N200WQ Clarence Center, New York, February 12, 2009., 2010. Web. 4 Feb. 2012.U.S. House. 2010. Airline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2010. US 111th Cong., 2nd sess. R. Doc. 3. Washington GPO, 1 Aug. 2010. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.

Data And Storage Essays -- Technology Computers

at that place are many aspects of computing that are important verity of data input, convenience and quality of output, optimal storage devices, and touch on speed of a computer. What are all these things and what are the best methods or types? Data InputFundamental to accuracy of data input is assurance that the cultivation system will be able to properly automate the collection of information and that the end-user is aware of and understands how information should be recorded. Stair and Reynolds (2006) supports, Input tummy be a manual or an automated process. A scanner at a grocery store that reads bar codes and enters the grocery item and price into a computerized cash register is a type of automated input process. Regardless of the input method, accurate input is critical to achieve the desired output. Printed questionnaires should be manufacture on machine-readable paper and analyzed by scanners that are capable of Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) or Optical Character Rec ognition (OCR) to convert the results into a digital format that is automatically placed into a database for storage. Queries can then be utilize to poll or collect information from the questionnaires. Tele surround surveys should make up of precise questions that require simple answers that can be input by pressing buttons on a touchtone phone. Users who do not have a touchtone phone should be allowed to answer verbally via an interactive voice recognition system (IVR).Bank checks should be printed on machine-readable paper utilizing magnetic ink such that machines can quickly and accurately scan the document and convert the data into a digital format. Additional security measures such as watermarks and holograms may be utilized based on level of se... ... hard disks seek time and data throughput. Data on a floppy disk is generally slower than CD ROMs and is generally used for storage purposes. Much of the same concepts apply to floppy disks are applied to hard disks and CD ROMs seek time and data throughout.There are many aspects of computing that exist today, some top of the line technology while others are becoming obsolete. What is most important is that there is accuracy of data input, convenience and quality of output, optimal storage devices, and processing speed of a computer. ReferencesLaurie J. Flynn (2005). Intel and Micron Plan Flash-Memory Venture. New York Times (Late Edition (east Coast)), p. C.6. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from Banking learning Source database.Stair, Ralph M & Reynolds, George W (2006). Fundamentals of Information Systems. Boston, MA Thomson Course Technology

Data And Storage Essays -- Technology Computers

There are many aspects of computing that are important accuracy of data input, convenience and quality of output, optimal storage devices, and processing speed of a computer. What are all these things and what are the best methods or types? Data arousalFundamental to accuracy of data input is assurance that the information system will be able to properly automate the collection of information and that the end-user is cognizant of and understands how information should be recorded. Stair and Reynolds (2006) supports, Input can be a manual or an automated process. A scanner at a market store that reads bar codes and enters the grocery item and price into a computerized cash register is a type of automated input process. Regardless of the input method, surgical input is critical to achieve the desired output. Printed questionnaires should be manufactured on machine-readable paper and analyzed by scanners that are capable of Optical Mark credit entry (OMR) or Optical Character Re cognition (OCR) to convert the results into a digital format that is automatically placed into a database for storage. Queries can then be utilize to poll or collect information from the questionnaires. Telephone surveys should consist of precise questions that require simple answers that can be input by pressing buttons on a touchtone phone. Users who do not have a touchtone phone should be allowed to answer verbally via an interactive voice recognition system (IVR).Bank checks should be printed on machine-readable paper utilizing magnetic ink such that machines can quickly and accurately scan the document and convert the data into a digital format. additive security measures such as watermarks and holograms may be utilized based on level of se... ... hard disks seek time and data throughput. Data on a floppy disk is generally slower than CD ROMs and is generally used for storage purposes. Much of the same concepts apply to floppy disks are apply to hard disks and CD ROM s seek time and data throughout.There are many aspects of computing that exist today, some top of the line technology bit others are becoming obsolete. What is most important is that there is accuracy of data input, convenience and quality of output, optimal storage devices, and processing speed of a computer. ReferencesLaurie J. Flynn (2005). Intel and micrometer gauge Plan Flash-Memory Venture. New York Times (Late Edition (east Coast)), p. C.6. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from Banking Information Source database.Stair, Ralph M & Reynolds, George W (2006). Fundamentals of Information Systems. Boston, MA Thomson Course Technology

Children are never too young to enjoy books

Reading has been proven to pee a proliferation of insights and ideas on the reader. During the process, it creates an avenue of learning for an individual. The capability of books to tap curiosity, interest and learning paves the itinerary for better appreciation of the different fields and provide continued growth and development for a person. The capacity of books to address every age group has provided many benefits to each one. This part shall look into the benefits of reading to children. Inviting children to read books at an early age can create a fun and fruitful way to depict clean things that life has to offer them.Even the simplest form can create a lasting effect in their lives. Children are never too young to make out books, and for babies its not dependable about reading the words. Its also about enjoying the interaction with the parents as the child sits with them and enjoys the attention. (The Kids Window, p. 1) Creating appreciation for books at an early age c an depart children the proper foundation for the future. Its also a good age to learn the basics of language and numbers, and reading along to stories and counting books will aid their savvy of words and numbers. (The Kids Window, p. 1) For teenagers, reading is also deemed vital.Studies have shown that slew with a keen interest in reading show exemplary performance not just in school but also in other activities as comfortably. When teens read more than just their classroom assignments, research clearly shows that they generally do wholesome in school. (Gisler & Eberts, 2006, p. 1) Reading creates avenues for children to expand their horizons over their area of interests. This helps them in addressing the challenges present in school. Reading can help increase vocabulary, deepen uninflected skills and improve writing skills. This leads to a solid core of knowledge that is useful in a wide variety of classes. (Gisler & Eberts, 2006, p. 1) Lastly, reading among teenagers give s them the capacity to perform well in the future particularly college exams. No other activity builds the vocabulary and comprehension skills needed to do well on these tests as well as reading. (Gisler & Eberts, 2006, p. 1) For adults, reading can create huge benefits. Adults will have a better chance for a successful, fulfilling adult life. (Jewell, 2007, p. 1) Adults can use books to inform of them of new trends and issues present in the environment. With these they can be more adaptive and dynamic to change.And with the explosion of information in the workplace, only avid readers can stay well informed with relative ease. (Jewell, 2007, p. 1) Reading can also help adults to acquire the ability to sift information and to understand how unrelated facts can fit into a whole. (Jewell, 2007, p. 1) By practicing reading as an alternative for work, it can help adults be relieved from stress and fatigue. With reading, adults can learn additional information, critically assess auth orised things, impart experiences and beliefs and at the same time enjoy from the pleasure it brings. To conclude, reading has been an important facet of human behavior.Maintaining a passion for reading can create unlimited opportunities for the reader. Given the positive effects that reading can give to an individual, it is important not to neglect and be taken for granted. As new technology creates opportunities for each individual to tap on new ideas, information and pleasure easily, preference for reading books is slowly diminishing. The challenge now is to revitalize reading to people. state must reach out to the public and create awareness of what reading can contribute to society. Be able to prove that until now reading is assuage vital in the holistic growth and development of an individual.In the end, reading will still be an important activity that can create possibilities for all people wherever age group they are in. References Eberts, M. Ed. S and Gisler, P. Ed. S (2 006) Benefits of Reading as a Teen. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from http//school. familyeducation. com/teen/reading/40617. html Jewell, A. V. (2007) Benefits of Reading in family. org. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from http//www. family. org/ pleasure/A000000969. cfm The Kids Window. Young Children and the Benefits of Reading. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from http//www. thekidswindow. co. uk/childbooks/benefits-of-reading. htm

Things Fall Apart Uchendu’s Speech

Uchendus Speech Saving Ourselves My friends and fellow Ibo, I come to tell you the evils of the abomination called Christianity. To see what I have seen in my homeland Mbanta, I cannot look upon these people with respect and camaraderie. They have stolen our brothers and sisters, angered our gods, and assaulted our age old culture. As a member of this tribe, I cannot stand by and watch the destruction of our peoples traditions. My son-in-law, Okonkwo, was known throughout his fatherland and all neighboring villages as one of the greatest men of his time.His achievements were famous, and he had ever hoped his son would carry on his legacy. His oldest son, Nwoye, had betrayed Okonkwo by converting to the new religion. You may ask how one can ignore the lessons of his father and the examples of hard work, dedication, and loyalty to our customs. But the withal the protective mother lion can lose her young cub who runs after a little bug. Nwoye was intrigued by the new people, and unfor tunately he had been taint he did not want to return to us.I understand the Christians say they teach our people civil behavior, but to take a young boy off from his own father is just inhumane. We must raise our children right and protect our sons and daughters from being taken by the Christians. They tear families apart. They have soiled our tribe, our traditions, and our hopes. If this continues, Mbanta, Umuofia, and Mbaino will be no more unless we stick to our customs. If our sons and daughters convert to the new religion, any hopes of preserving our history will be ruined.

Organizational Development: Discussion Questions

Week Five Discussion Questions Deep-level abilities are close related to job performance. As a manager, how could you use the knowledge that people differ to annex the wishlihood an employee will perform his or her job tumefy? What challenges does this pose when managing a diverse workforce? * As a supervisor it is my job to read a peaceful and productive atmosphere. I have many an(prenominal) different types of employees that differ from age, knowledge, race and gender.Not all of my employees get along with each other exclusively they each hold their own abilities and skills. I fit the abilities in concert where they are needed and match the best I tolerate as if their personalities are like Legos. It is a constant tug of war as it never fits exactly. * Employees often see miscellany as threatening. What are some of the sources of resistance to change, and what can you as a manager do to overcome that resistance? * on that point are numerous reasons why employees resist cha nge. 1.Loss of Job is thought of, Bad communication occurs commonly (You may not get the entire story / Rumors occur) precaution of the unknown Lack of Competence and poor timing. What role does form play in managing change? What are some possible strategies for managing diversity? What influence does diversity training have on organizations? * Diversity is a range of different things or a variety. I would believe that diversity and change would walk gain & hand. You can manage diversity through the hiring process and repeated education.Socratic Seminar QuestionsThe influence in education is a positive and will convey the heart if only the education is enforced during normal business. Does the type of change being planned claim the strategy for managing the change? Explain and provide an example. * Change should always have a well-planned strategy before implementing. You should also monitor the situation so you can help employees adapt. If you walk into the office and just t hrow start changes without having proper answersOrganizational Development Discussion QuestionsWeek Five Discussion Questions Deep-level abilities are closely related to job performance. As a manager, how could you use the knowledge that people differ to increase the likelihood an employee will perform his or her job well? What challenges does this pose when managing a diverse workforce? * As a supervisor it is my job to make a peaceful and productive atmosphere. I have many different types of employees that differ from age, knowledge, race and gender.Not all of my employees get along with each other but they each hold their own abilities and skills. I fit the abilities together where they are needed and match the best I can as if their personalities are like Legos. It is a constant tug of war as it never fits exactly. * Employees often see change as threatening. What are some of the sources of resistance to change, and what can you as a manager do to overcome that resistance? * Th ere are numerous reasons why employees resist change. 1.Loss of Job is thought of, Bad communication occurs normally (You may not get the entire story / Rumors occur) fear of the unknown Lack of Competence and poor timing. What role does diversity play in managing change? What are some possible strategies for managing diversity? What influence does diversity training have on organizations? * Diversity is a range of different things or a variety. I would believe that diversity and change would walk hand & hand. You can manage diversity through the hiring process and repeated education.Socratic Seminar QuestionsThe influence in education is a positive and will convey the message if only the education is enforced during normal business. Does the type of change being planned affect the strategy for managing the change? Explain and provide an example. * Change should always have a well-planned strategy before implementing. You should also monitor the situation so you can help employees a dapt. If you walk into the office and just throw out changes without having proper answers

Comparing of Financial Statement for Similar Companies

Introduction Freds, Belk, Big hemorrhoid and Dollar Tree atomic number 18 all famous variety set up in join State. entirely of them provide various and qualified goods to customers. This analysis report, discussing different financial data base on the 10-K document of the four companies, wants to give readers a meaning(prenominal) describe to these companies so investors nooky have clear opinions to help decide. Company Profiles Freds, Inc. Freds) is to meet the general intersection and pharmacy needs of the small to medium- sized towns it serves by offering a wider variety of quality merchandise and a more attractive price-to-value relationship than either drug stores or smaller variety/ one dollar bill stores and a shopper-friendly format which is more convenient than larger sized dis count merchandise stores. The companys take in exchanges of p harmaceuticals have a character of 33. 5% in 2010, 34. 1% in 2011, and 34. 9% in 2012, comparing to the total sales. And its m ajor sales of others include households good and food products, etc. viewing that the company tries its best to execute its business strategy. Big separate, Inc. is a Fortune 500 sell corpoproportionn. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio, USA and ongoingly operates over 1,400 stores in 47 states. Its department stores focus mainly on selling closeout and overstock merchandise. There are any(prenominal) items in the stores, such as foodstuffs, that are replenished on a continual basis. Whats more, Big Lots also operates a wholesale division, which provides merchandise in bulk for resale from a variety of categories.Financial StatementsBig Lots uses an existing building, such as a grocery or department store that had either moved or ceased ope symmetryns. Dollar Tree, Inc. began its operations in 1953 and was corporate in Virginia. The company is an Ameri evoke chain of discount variety stores that se lls every item for $1. 00 or less. The company targets low to turn down- middle income consumers and sells everyday products from food and face-to-face care products to non-essentials. It sells its product in three business segments1) Consumable merchandise, which accounted for 48. % of its sales in 2011, 2) Variety merchandise, which accounted for 46. 9% of 2011 sales, and 3)seasonal goods, explained 5% of 2011 sales. Belk, Inc. , together with its subsidiaries, is the largest privately owned inject department store business in the United States, with 303 stores in 16 states, as of the fiscal form ended January 28, 2012. Generated revenues of $3. 7 billion for the fiscal year 2012, and together with its predecessors, have been successfully operating department stores since 1888. Belk Stores Services, Inc. , a subsidiary of Belk, Inc. rovides a wide range of services t o the Belk division offices and stores, such as merchandising, merchandise planning and allocation, advertising and sales promotion, information systems, human resources, public relatio ns, accounting, real estate and store planning, credit, legal, tax, distribution and purchasing. Accounting Policies ( regard Exhibit 1) All of the four companies are United State location so that part of their accounting policies are the same, but because the area location and business strategy, they have some different accounting policies.The four companies do not amortized goodwill and tested them for impairment annually, use an income blast and a market procession in find fair value for purposes of goodwill impairment tests. All four of them report income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, the plus and liability method is used for reason emerging income tax consequences of events . The major differences exist in revenue recognition, merchandise inventories and Stock-based compensation.Based on their requirements, Freds records its sales when the merchandise is shipped from the Companys store Dollar tree records sales revenue at the time a sale is made to its customer Big Lots sales revenue is recognized when the customer makes the final allowance and takes possession of the merchandise and sales of Belk is recorded at the time of delivery. Freds values inventories at the set out of bell or market victimisation the retail first off -in, first-out method for goods in stores and the cost first -in, first-out method for goods in our distribution centers. And the rest of hree companies values inventories at the lower of cost or market using the average cost retail caudex method. Under the average cost retail inventory method, inventory is segregated into departments of merchandise having similar characteristics at its current retail selling value. Profitability, Liquidity/Solvency (see Exhibit 2) If we analyze the current ratio and debauched ratio they are relatively small. So paying the short barrierinal figure debts baron be a problem for the company as well as the liquidity is getting decreased from year 2010 2012 as 1. 43 to 1. 23 t o 0. 88.So it might be difficult for the company to stay with the current obligations. If we analyze the debt -equity ratio seems to be in high end for the Belk, but it is gradually diminish 1. 36, 1. 06 to 1. 03. This seems to be a good sign for the company. But still the ratio is high and need quite bit of work to get it down to an agreeable value. Freds ROE dungeons a change magnitude from 5. 99% in 2010, to 7. 17% in 2011 then to 7. 89% in 2012 because its profit edge increasing from 1. 32% to 1. 61% and 1. 78%, respectively in 2011 and 2012, in the same time, its assets disturbance rate keeps a steadily level from 3. 20 to 3. 06, just a slightly decrease.Additionally, the gross boundary line just has a higher change from 27. 92% in 2010, to 28. 66% in 2012 than profit margin. The inventory turnover has a decrease from 4. 33 to 4. 15 respectively in 2010 and 2012, due to the cost of goods sold increasing slower than inventory. Whats more, the current ratio and quick rati o keeps falling down, and debt/equity ratio grows up during the 3 years, showing that the debt increases faster than equity. Big Lots ROE continues to grow from 20. 01% in 2010 to 25. 15% in 2012. However, it s profit margin and gross margin have been going downwards since 2010, dropping to 3. 98% and 39. 9% respectively in 2012. Whats more, its current ratio and quick ratio have also decreased, the former one has slacked from 2. 069 in 2010 to 1. 721 in 2012, a nd the later one has slummed from 0. 72 to 0. 31, which indicate that the companys inventory are more cut up in recent years. Through further study, we found that the D-E ratio is increasing from 1. 208 in 2010 to 1. 704 in 2012, which presented the companys new financing strategy from borrowing, other than getting capital from the shareholders. The ROE of Dollar Tree increased rapidly from 22. 43% in 2010 to 27. 23% in 2011 and to 36. 32% in 2012. On examining the three omponents of ROE, the profit margin was 6. 3% in 201 0 but in 2012 it increased at 7. 36%. In addition, its assets turnover maintains a steady growth. It was 2. 28 in 2010, 2. 47 in 2011 and 2. 85 in 2012. Over the three years, the debt -equity ratio also grows steadily. Besides, the current ratio and quick ratio of Dollar Tree in the past three years obviously declined. That mostly resulted from the increasing debt and surging sales . Return on uprightness almost doubled from 2010 to 2011 as 6. 31% to 11. 33% and has a steady growth from 2011 to 2012 as 15. 30%. This implies Net Income increased and it is proportional to good increase in profit margins as from 2% to 3. 63% almost doubled from 2010 to 2011 and 4. 95% in 2012 which is a steady growth. When we compare the fare asset turnover in last 3 years seems to be decreasing, though it is 13. 1 in 2010 decreased significantly form 2011 and 2012 as 1. 14 and 1. 50 respectively. This might be due to competition from other department and specialty stores and other retailers, includi ng luxury goods retailers, mail o rder retailers and offprice and discount stores. Opportunities/Threats Opportunities from the above, we get the idea that the variety store industry has a good time during the several years.These four companies are keeping increase in profit and they have lower financial put out so that they could borrow more money from banks and investors, which gives them more chances to execute expansion strategy more available cash from borrowing, better financial statement which can give more confidence to in vestors and higher return to support the future development. Threats we should notice that most of the four companies have a higher gross margin increasing than profit margin, and a continuous lower inventory turnover.They show that these companies structures include threaten in the future. Whats more, the high debt means that the banks and investors tighten polices and requirements to the companies so their business and expansion will be influenced by in vestors. Meanwhile, the raising interest rat e of debt gives higher financial distress to the companies. Overall perspicacity Retail industry is a highly competitive and dynamic business to work with. So it needs to be change whenever it needs to be. Here we can see that when one company doing well other companies are struggling to stay in the race.If we analyze the overall challenges retail business facing is kindred high Employee turnovers, also Auditing issues as they regularly engaged in competition with one another, and this competition can creat e price wars, forcing a need to keep tight control over inventory, as the nation prospers and people have more money to spend, the retail industry generally flourishes. As for the companies we can see that Freds, Dollar tree and Belk is seems to be doing well in this difficult situations, but the Big Lotus is losing some ground as profit margins getting lower as well as their funds getting tightens up.However when we see the COGS ea ch(prenominal) company has a problem as COGS selling slower than the inventory, this might be hurting all four companies as if their items old they have to write off them and which might eventually losing money. Exhibit 1 Significant Accounting Policies Freds Revenue recognition Merchandise inventories Goodwill Stock-based compensation Income taxes Dollar tree Big Lots Belk Sales are recorded when the merchandise is shipped from the Companys warehouse sales revenue at the time a sale is made to its customer Revenue is recognized when the customer makes the final payment and takes possession of the merchandise.Sales from retail operations are recorded at the time of delivery. Valued at the lower of cost or market using the retail first-in, first-out method for goods in our stores and the cost first-in, firstout method for goods in our distribution centers. Stated at the lower of cost or market, determined on a weighted-average cost basis. Under the retail inventory method, the valuat ion of inventories at cost and the resulting gross margins are computed by applying a calculated cost-to-retail ratio to the retail value of inventories. Valued at the lower of cost or market using the average cost retail inventory method. Under the average ost retail inventory method, inventory is segregated into departments of merchandise having similar characteristics at its current retail selling value. Valued using the lower of cost or market value, determined by the retail inventory method. Under the retail inventory method (RIM), the valuation of inventories at cost and the resulting gross margins Goodwill is not amortized and tested for impairmen t annually. Use an income approach and a market approach in determining fair value for purposes of goodwill impairment tests. Goodwill is not amortized and tested for impairment annually. Use an income approach and a market pproach in determining fair value for purposes of goodwill impairment tests. Goodwill is not amortized and tes ted for impairment annually. Use an income approach and a market approach in determining fair value for purposes of goodwill impairment tests. Goodwill is not amortized and tested for impairment annually. Use an income approach and a market approach in determining fair value for purposes of goodwill impairment tests. Uses the fair value recognition provisions of FASB ASC 718, account for stock based compensation by using the grant date fair value of share grants and the estimated number of shares that will ultimately be ssued in conjunction with each award. Recognizes all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, in the financial statements based on their fair values. Value and expense stock options with graded vesting as a single award with an average estimated life over the entire term of the award. Uses the fair value recognition provisions of FASB ASC 718, account for stock based compensation by using the grant date fair value of share award s and the estimated number of shares that will ultimately be issued in conjunction with each award. reports income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740,the asset and liability ethod is used for computing future income tax consequences of events reports income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740,the asset and liability method is used for computing future income tax consequences of events reports income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740,the asset and liability method is used for computing future income tax consequences of events reports income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740,the asset and liability method is used for computing future income tax consequences of events Exhibit 2 Industry Ratio Summary 2012 Freds, Inc. 2011 Profitability Return on equity 7. 89% 7. 17% 5. 99% 25. 15% 23. 50% 20. 01% 6. 32% 27. 23% 22. 43% 15. 30% 11. 33% 6. 31% Profit margin 1. 78% 1. 61% 1. 32% 3. 98% 4. 49% 4. 23% 7. 36% 6. 75% 6. 13% 4. 95% 3. 63% 2. 00% blunt margin 28. 66% 28. 61% 27. 9 2% 39. 79% 40. 63% 40. 61% 35. 87% 35. 49% 35. 49% 0. 33% 0. 33% 0. 32% Total asset turnover 3. 06 3. 16 3. 20 3. 169 3. 057 2. 831 2. 85 2. 47 2. 28 1. 5 1. 41 13. 1 A/R turnover 62. 61 64. 58 61. 93 42. 45 41. 39 40. 11 76. 42 78. 53 72. 33 104. 9 131. 3 118. 7 Inventory turnover 4. 15 4. 33 4. 33 3. 8 3. 86 4. 02 4. 2 4. 2 4. 1 2. 9 2. 97 2. 83 Short term liquidity Current ratio 2. 47 2. 91 2. 81 1. 721 1. 941 2. 069 2. 08 2. 5 2. 74 2. 51 3. 34 3. 32 0. 33 . 52 0. 57 0. 31 0. 53 0. 72 0. 59 1 1. 31 0. 88 1. 23 1. 43 0. 49 0. 40 0. 43 1. 704 1. 283 1. 208 0. 73 0. 63 0. 6 1. 03 1. 06 1. 36 Quick ratio Long term solvency Debt/fairness ratio 2010 2012 Big Lots 2011 2010 2012 Dollar Tree 2011 2010 Belk. inc 2012 2011 2010 Profit Margin Return on Equity 40. 00% 35. 00% 30. 00% 25. 00% Freds, inc 20. 00% Big Lots 15. 00% Dollar Tree 10. 00% Belk. inc 5. 00% 0. 00% 2012 2011 8. 00% 7. 00% 6. 00% 5. 00% 4. 00% 3. 00% 2. 00% 1. 00% 0. 00% Freds, inc Big Lots Dollar Tree Belk. inc 2012 20 10 2011 2010 Debt-to-Equity Ratio Inventory turnover 2. 00 5. 00 4. 00 Freds, inc 3. 00 Big Lots 1. 50 Freds, incBig Lots 1. 00 Dollar Tree Dollar Tree 2. 00 Belk. inc 1. 00 Belk. inc 0. 50 0. 00 0. 00 2012 2011 2010 2012 2011 2010 Exhibit 3 Income statement Fred,inc Statement of Income January 28, 2012 Net sales Cost of goods sold 1879059 1340519 100% 71. 34% Gross profit 538540 Depreciation and amortization 100% 71. 39% 1788136 1288899 100% 72. 08% 28. 66% 527018 28. 61% 499237 27. 92% 34190 1. 82% 29236 1. 59% 26387 1. 48% Selling, general and administrative expenses 453195 24. 12% 451064 24. 49% 434356 24. 29% Operating income Interest income Interest expense 51155 -156 553 2. 72% -0. 01% 0. 03% 46718 -234 424 2. 54% -0. 01% 0. 02% 38494 -189 82 2. 15% -0. 01% 0. 03% Income before income taxes 50758 2. 70% 46528 2. 53% 38201 2. 14% Provision for income taxes 17330 0. 92% 16941 0. 92% 14586 0. 82% 33428 1. 78% 29587 1. 61% 23615 1. 32% $ $ January 30, 2010 1841755 1314737 Net inc ome $ January 29, 2011 $ $ $ Big Lots, Statement of Income January 27, 2012 Net sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Other Operating Expense Operating income $ January 28, 2011 5,202,269. 00 3,131,862. 00 2,070,407. 00 100. 00% 60. 20% 39. 80% 1,634,532. 00 January 29, 2012 4,952,244. 00 2,939,793. 00 2,012,451. 00 100. 00% 59. 36% 40. 64% 31. 42% 1,567,500. 0 90,280. 00 1. 74% 345,595. 00 6. 64% $ 4,726,772. 00 2,807,466. 00 1,919,306. 00 100. 00% 59. 39% 40. 61% 31. 65% 1,532,356. 00 32. 42% 78,606. 00 1. 59% 74,904. 00 1. 58% 357,345. 00 7. 22% 325,010. 00 6. 88% $ Earnings Before Interest And Taxes Interest Expense 345,422. 00 6. 64% 357,957. 00 7. 23% 325,185. 00 6. 88% 3,530. 00 0. 07% 2,573. 00 0. 05% 1,840. 00 0. 04% Income Before Tax 341,892. 00 6. 57% 355,384. 00 7. 18% 323,345. 00 6. 84% Income Tax Expense 134,657. 00 2. 59% 132,837. 00 2. 68% 121,975. 00 2. 58% Net income 207,064. 00 3. 98% 222,524. 00 4. 49% 200,369. 00 4. 2 4% Dollar Tree, Statement of Income January 28,2012Revenues $ January 29,2011 Selling and admistrtive expense 64. 13% 35. 87% 3,794. 8 2,087. 60 1,596. 2 Gross margin 100% 4252. 2 2378. 3 cost of sales 6630. 5 $ 5882. 40 24. 07% 1,457. 60 100% January 30,2010 $ 5,231. 20 100% 64. 51% 35. 49% 3,374. 40 1,856. 80 64. 51% 35. 49% 24. 78% 1,344. 00 25. 69% Restructing charges Goodwill impairment intangible and other asset impairment operating expense $ 1,596. 2 24. 07% operating income interest expense interest income other income 782. 1 2. 9 0. 3 11. 80% 0. 04% Income before income taxes Net income $ 1,457. 60 24. 78% 10. 71% 0. 10% 0. 00% 630 5. 6 5. 5 779. 5 ncome taxes $ 11. 76% 291. 2 488. 3 4. 39% 7. 36% 1344 25. 69% 9. 80% 0. 10% -0. 10% 512. 8 5. 2 629. 9 $ $ 10. 71% 507. 6 9. 70% 232. 6 397. 3 3. 95% 6. 75% 187. 1 320. 5 3. 58% 6. 13% $ Belk, Statement of Income 2012 2011 Revenues 3,699,592 100% Cost of goods sold (Including occupancy, distribution and buying $ expenses) 2,461,515 66% 938008 2012 3513275 100% 2353536 66% 25% 914078 3143 0. 08% 2302 - Operating income Interest expense Interest income Loss on extinguishment of debt Gain on investments Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Gain on sale of property and equipment Asset impairment and exit costsPension curtailment charge $ 100% 2271925 68% 26% 886263 26% 6416 0. 18% 2011 0. 06% 0. 06% 0. 00% 6096 0. 17% 0. 00% 39915 2719 1. 19% 0. 08% 300190 Selling, general and administrative expenses 3346252 8. 11% 245981 7. 00% 147441 4. 41% -50218 328 -922 250098 66950 183148 -1. 35% 0. 01% 0. 02% 0. 00% 0. 0676 1. 80% 0. 0495 -50679 569 195871 68243 127628 -1. 44% 0. 02% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 0557 1. 94% 0. 0363 -51321 1027 43 97190 30054 67136 -1. 53% 0. 03% 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 029 0. 89% 2 $ $ $ $ Exhibit 4 balance wheel Sheet Freds,inc Balance Sheets January 28, 2012 January 29, 2011 January 30, 2010 January 31, 2009 ASSETSCurrent assets Cash and cash equivalents 27130 4. 29% 49182 8 . 26% 54742 9. 58% Account Receivables Inventories 31883 331882 5. 04% 52. 51% 28146 313384 4. 73% 52. 62% 28893 294024 Other non-trade receivables 32090 5. 08% 26378 4. 43% Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets 12321 435306 1. 95% 68. 88% 12723 429813 Property and equipment 161112 25. 49% 139931 Equipment under capital leases 97 0. 02% Intangible assets, net 32191 5. 09% 22193 3. 73% 16035 2. 81% 9042 1. 66% Other old assets, net Total assets $ 3276 631982 0. 52% 100% $ 3591 595528 0. 60% 100% $ 4040 571441 0. 71% 100% $ 4442 544775 0. 82% 00% LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 106886 16. 91% $ 81002 13. 60% $ 87393 15. 29% $ 69955 12. 84% 658 0. 10% 201 0. 03% 718 0. 13% 243 0. 04% Current portion of indebtedness $ $ $ $ 35128 6. 45% 5. 06% 51. 45% 28857 301537 5. 30% 55. 35% 25193 4. 41% 15782 2. 90% 2. 14% 72. 17% 10945 413797 1. 92% 72. 41% 11912 393216 2. 19% 72. 18% 23. 50% 137569 24. 07% 138036 25. 34% 39 Ac crued expenses and other 44876 7. 10% 45371 7. 62% 39621 6. 93% 46659 8. 56% Deferred income taxes 23878 3. 78% 21142 3. 55% 19373 3. 39% 13061 2. 40% Total current liabilities 176298 27. 90% 147716 24. 80% 147105 5. 74% 137667 25. 27% Long-term portion of indebtedness 6640 1. 05% 3969 0. 67% 4179 0. 73% 4866 0. 89% Deferred income taxes 5633 0. 89% 2069 0. 35% 2009 0. 35% 1328 0. 24% Other noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities 19799 208370 3. 13% 32. 97% 17886 171640 3. 00% 28. 82% 17209 170502 3. 01% 29. 84% 13833 157694 2. 54% 28. 95% Common stock, Class A voting, no par value 105384 16. 68% 131367 22. 06% 131685 23. 04% 136877 25. 13% Common stock, Class B nonvoting, no par value Retained earnings 317364 50. 22% 291649 48. 97% 268350 46. 96% 249141 45. 73% Accumulated other comprehensive income 864 0. 14% 872 0. 15% 904 0. 16% 1063

Customers and Customer Value Essay

merchandise involves1.Managing profitable customer relationships2.Aw atomic number 18ness attracting/retaining customers3.Increasing a customers willingness to payBreadth and Depth of merchandisingMarket raft with desire and ability to subvert a specific fruit All organizations commercialize and people market themselvesDating, PEYoIdeas and values be marketedBuyers may be divers(prenominal) than end customer (B2B, B2C)Social Marketing influence behavior of singles, benefit to individuals or society not marketer Anti-smokingConsumer Behaviour (B2C/B2B)Heart of marketing straight ineluctably and penurys of consumers better than competition oValue is only what is perceived by consumerCustomers see solutions for delivering customer value, not in terms of attributes Fundamental Principles of MarketingoWhat are drivers of customer value? Their benefits/costConsumersWho are the competitors that satisfy the similar needsThe competitorsOffer a product/ assist whose attributes del iver the value as good as or better than the competitors The CompanyMethods of Discovering customer behavior take Psychological deprivation (food, shelter)Wants Needs shaped by culture and the individual (burger vs. Tofu) oQualitative researchQuantitative ResearchFeedback agonistic intelligenceSocio-economic trendsConsumer purchase decision processBuyers may skip a stage depending on how involved they are in the purchase o elevated involvement if product isExpensiveSerious personal consequencesReflects social imageHigh involvement results in consideration of more brandsMore product attributesMore information sourcesMore time fatigued searchingHigh involvementProvide education about category and info on productLow involvementBuyers react to monetary value, convenience and familiarityThe Marketing ProcessIdentify Consumer Needs & WantsNeeds Psychological deprivation (food, shelter, etc.)Wants Needs shaped by culture and the individual (burgers vs. tofu) oSegment, Target and Position (STP)Segmentation and Targeting Who to ServeChoose which customers to servePositioning How to ServeIdentify key benefits of offering, points of difference with rivals oDevelop and Execute a Marketing program based on the Marketing Mix (4 Ps) intersection pointFeatures, brand name, packaging, service, warrantyPlaceOutlets, channels, coverage, transportationPriceList price, rebates, discounts, payment achievementPromotionAdvertising, sales onward motion, merchandising, personal conducting, publicity How to Position yourself with customersMarket leaderEncourage habitual purchase, keep quality high, reinforcing ads, avoid stock outs ChallengersEncourage mix seekingEncourage trial (coupons), try something new adsBuild Profitable Customer RelationshipsBasic Relationships ( crushed-margin customers) vs. Full Relationships (key / dominant customers) Frequency marketing programsRewards, encourage customers to pass away moreClub marketing programsOffer members discounts for being mem berCustomer SatisfactionSatisfied customers are loyal (mig order rate of 5%)Refer telephoner to others (tell average of 3 others)Less price sensitiveCustomer DissatisfactionMigrate at 40%Dont complain (96% never report back) circulate average of 11 people about problemsoManage Product PortfolioShould you keep all your products?Should market them all the same way?Can you increase the products in your portfolio?BCG evolution Share MatrixMarket Growth Rate (y-axis) vs. Relative Market Share (x-axis) High High StarsLow High Cash CowsHigh Low Question MarksLow Low DogsMarketsProductsCurrent stark nakedCurrentMarket sixth sense-Selling more products in existing marketsProduct suppuration -Selling new products in existing marketsNewMarket Development-Selling existing products in new markets (geographic or new segments)Diversification -Selling a new product in new marketsHow your product portfolio could be expandedTim HortonsMarketsProductsCurrentNewCurrentMarket Penetration-High d ensity in geographic area-Heavy advertising-High affect to be franchisors-Regularly upgrades facilitiesProduct Development-Bagels and cappuccino-Sandwiches, wraps, soupsNewMarket Development-Expansion to campuses-TimShop (online)-Expansion into U.S.Diversification-Partnered with U.S.-based Cold Stone Creamery rag 75 steps of STPoGroup potential vendees into segmentsGeographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioralHow do organizational buyers differDemand for your product is derived from demand of buyers product Fate tied to buyers fate customary to haveFew dominant customers and long term relationshipsProvide competitive bidsHave multiple people involved in the purchaseTo increase likeliness of B2B successUnderstand the purchasing organizations needsUnderstand the organization buying processoRight bidding list, who is influential and who to pay attention to oGroup products to be sold into categoriesMultiple products with some common trait (often consumer type) Useful where multi consumer type, each with own needs, but not one product to meet all needs Business vs commercial aircraftDevelop Market/product grid and estimate size of marketSelect Target MarketsExpected Financial Performancesizing and growth, purchasing power, profitsCompetitive PositionCompetitive in segment now and over timeAccessibilitySegment can be reached and served at reasonable priceFit with the OrganizationYou can deliver an effective marketing programoTake marketing actions to reach target market4 PsProduct positioningHead-to-head or DifferentiationChallenges in repositioningTo change how consumers view an offering relative to competition oHuge advertising be to change beliefs of peopleConsumers may be confused about what your brand stands for oConsumers may not buy your claimWhy repositionReacting to competitionNew Balance vs. NikeReaching new marketChocolate milk for adultsCatching a rising trendHealth trendsChanging the value addedTrade spate or upLecture 8First P in 4 Ps (Produc t)Hard to do wello90% of new products test down in first yearoCommon among successesUniquely, superior point of differenceHas to incline well, has to be valued in the marketLecture 9 price and carry2 Ps Price and PlacePriceThe money exchanged for ownership of goods/servicesPrices involves perception of value and will varyCheaper price for like quality has higher valueHigher price can signal quality (watches, cars)There is a tradition of getting stuff for free or very cheap over internet that is hard to change (vs. by phone or TV) Pricing matters a lotAffects customers viewDiscussion starts with pricing,Goes more generally to marketing than strategyWhy change your price?Demand, cost, competitionHow will people reactPeople place premium on option, if pure tone getting less, will be dissatisfied and feel violated Market mix over product life cycle for price (in order of 4 stages) oSkimming penetration, gain market share, defend market, stay profitable Factors affecting pricing de cisionsoInternal FactorsMarketing objectivesMarketing mix strategiesCostsOrganizational considerationsExternal FactorsDemandCompetition, resellers parsimoniousnessGovernmentSteps in setting pricesIdentify pricing constraints and objectivesConstraintsDemand, stage in product life cycle, single vs product line, cost of producing, marketing, changing prices, Competitive market and competitors ObjectivesProfit or just survivalSales and or market share ( revenue enhancement, unit of measurement volume)Social responsibilityEstimate demand and revenueAll else being equal, as price falls, demand increaseExcept forLuxury goodsDemands also affected byoPrice and availabilityIncome aimsChanging buyer tastes and preferencesMarketing Managers want to know price elasticity of demand % change in quantity demanded relative to % change in price oSlope of demand curve tractile demandSlight decrease in price, steep increase in demandSubstitutes usually (no alternatives usually non elastic) oEstimate Cost, volume, profit relationshipsTotal cost = total unbending cost + total variable costsBreak-even analysis (sales equal costs)Determines profitability at different levels of salesBEP = Total fixed cost / (unit price unit variable cost)oSelect an approximate price levelPricing based on demandskimming pricing high price when hungry initial buyers are not price sensitive penetration pricing low price to attract buyers (wii)prestige pricing signal quality with the priceprice ocean liner set of prices by a product line (ex. bauer 70, 80, 90, apx) odd-even pricing prices ending in .99 seem lowertarget pricing when a specific price to buyer is a goal bundle pricing price for a package of multiple products yield management pricing match demand and show dynamically to customize prices Pricing based on coststandard mark-up add a fixed percentage to the cost of all similar items undetermined pricing add a mark-up to the cost (consulting) experience curve pricing lower the p rice as your own costs come down the instruction curve Pricing based on profit (little role for demand and competition) target profit pricingtarget return-on-sales pricingtarget return-on-investment pricingPricing based on the competitionCustomary pricing (ie. Swatch, chocolate bars) (all the same) price above, at or below similar productsLoss leader pricing sell something at a discount to get people into your store o couch up the list (quoted) priceOne price for all flexible pricing crucial be consistent with all products in product line must be legalMust be consistent with client perceptions of productNeeds to avoid price-cutting by competitorsPrice cut only when you can win (rare)Have cost or tech advantage over rivalsoMake adjustments to the priceDiscountsQuantity, BOGOseasonal workerFunctional/TradeCashAllowancesTrade in allowance for buyersPromotional allowanceEDLP (no need to wait for sales)Geographical AdjustmentsTransportation/shipping costs and whether buy or seller pay sMarket mix over product life cycle (Place/channels)Limited, build, selective, more intensive distribution, fewer selectiveChannelIndividuals or firms that answer get the product/service to the end userB2C directly, or use intermediary, such as future shop (less contacts) oRetailers are channels (but so are distributors and resellers)Benefits of direct channels ( producer to seller)Greater entertainLower variable costDirect contactQuicker response to changesNo need to look for middlemanInternet makes direct distribution easyBenefits of indirect channelsFewer contacts to manageCan match product assortment with customersLess need for producer to have a sales presenceAllows multiple channels for same productApple through site, apple store, BestBuyLeverage a channel teammate with existing customer relations oLower fixed cost (no sales team)Conflicts between channel helpersVertical conflictIssues in chain (producer to retailer)Horizontal ConflictIssues at same level (retailer to reta iler)Challenges of moving from indirect to directMay lose distribution (disintermediation)Buyer loyalty to retailer not productExtra costs involved (e-tail, shipping, sales, customer services) Factors in choosing a channelBusiness environmentCharacteristics of your customersWho, what, whereCharacteristics of your product (complex or evangelize)Ice-cream vs. jetsCharacteristics of your company (B2B, global, languages)What channels and intermediaries are most profitableLecture 104th P, PromotionsThe communication processoSee chart in lecture notes by ChrisThe promotional mixWhat communication tools are availableAdvertising modify Expensive (variable_, deliver the goodss reasons to buy products Control over channel of messageLarge numbers see messageHard to determine responsePersonal merchandisingFace-to-faceVery expensive (fixed cost)Control over message (sales people can differ(Targeted receiversImmediate responsesPublic relationsUnpaid, non-personal communication, from third partyL ittle control over messageHighly credible, not seen as self-servingHard to know responsesSales promotionSamples, coupons, rebates76% of marketing expenditures for packaged goodsShort run (decline in advertising efficiency)Control over message (not building loyalty)Immediate ResponseDirect marketingOver phone, or internetMass or micro, becomes annoying (telemarketers)Control over messageTargeted receivedImmediate responsesDeveloping the promotional mixIn product life cycle to inform, to persuade, to remindProduct characteristicsLevel of complexityMore complex, more personal sellingPotential Risk (financial, social, physical)Greater risk, more personal sellingAncillary services (service/ frequent required post sale) Advertising establishes reputationDirect marketing can describe customizationPersonal selling builds buyer confidence and provides evidence of customer service oKnow your target marketWho is buyer and what is buying behaviourPlace of purchase, reason, how big is market (m ass or custom, first time or repeat oDecision stage of buyerSee chart in Chris lecture notesoChannel strategyPush (want channel to sell it, target channel not end consumer) Push product through channel with goal of getting channel members to push it to customers Direct promotional mix to channel members to gain cooperation Personal selling and sales promotions play study rolesPull (channel users want to get it from you, targeted at end consumer more) Product is pulled through channelsDirect promotional mix at ultimate consumers to encourage them to demand product Mainly advertising and direct marketing to reach end consumers Developing, executing and evaluating the integrated marketingcommunications program oCoordinates all promotional activities to provide a consistent message across all touch points oKnow target audience and how to market to themoIMC Program 3 stagesPlanning StageAwareness, interest, evaluation, trialSet budget based offo% of salesCompetitive parityAll you can af fordDesign promotion, schedule itImplementationExecute the promotion planCarry out promotionControlPost-test the promotionMake needed changesEvaluating IMCImportant to measure ROIHow many views, traffic to site, coupon redemption rateCan occur during both implementation and controlLecture 11Three options/Modes for exploiting your new product or technology oLicensingWhen to considerWhen you feignt have the resources to bring it to market and dont want to develop them When you want to get the technology to market fast (win standards race) When you want to stop other firms from R&D and patenting RisksBeneficial only while you have technological advantageCreate a standardStay at leading abutRequires strong IP testimonialDependent on others for market successMay lock you into something when market is still emerging oPartnering (selling a component)When to considerWhen you dont have the resources to bring it to market When you want to get the technology to market fastWhen credible part ners can be identified and their endorsement sends a signal When you are strategically important to partnerRisksLarger, more established firms can take advantage (price/terms) Partner can deskill youDependent on partnerMarket success and access to info and managementPartner can become disinterestedoDIY (Do it yourself)When to considerCan bring it to market yourself or want to develop capabilities When you have resources to do itUnderstand requirements and behaviour of end consumerWant to brand it with your nameYou have clout with your ecosystem of playersRisksBleeding edge- rivals learn from your mistakesEffort spent on marketing and distribution makes you lag in R&D Lose nimbleness and speedUnderstand market (buyers, competition and overall market (size and growth) Want to devise an entry strategy to leverage advantagesoEmphasize speed for lead timeProduct, technology, people, partners, locationsSet up intangible entry barriers rather than relying only on proprietary advantage like patents oEmphasize selective focusClearly defined target marketClearly defined partners, channels, suppliersPlus allow for experimentation pliant and liquid resources & capabilities (rent, borrow or share)Decision depends onWhere you see future of companyStability of industryValue to other playersPotential for IP protectionBecoming a platform leaderIndustry platform is foundation technology or service that is essential for a broader, interdependent ecosystem of business Requires innovations to be usefulNo longer under full control of originator, may contain propriety elements oNeed to decide if you are going to purse a product or platform strategy oAchieving platform status requires specific decisions that governTechnology evolutionProduct and systems designBusiness relationships within ecosystemoMany companies dont succeed as they fail to tackle both TechnologyDesigning right interfaces, architecture, disclosing IPBusinessMaking key complements, introducing incentives, defeat comp eting platforms oPlatform potentialMust satisfy two prerequisite conditionsPerform at least one essential function within system of use or solve an essential tech problem in an industry Should be easy to connect to or build upon to expand system of use as well as allow new or even unintended end usersGoogle is coring in internet search. Linus in web server operating systems for tipping. Intellectual Property auspicesLegal right granted by a government that allows inventor to preclude others from using the same invention for a maximum of 20 eld oNeed to demonstrate that invention isNovelNot ObviousUsefulSecret when the patent application is filedBenefitsBlocks others from using inventionRaises the cost of imitation by rivalsHelps to enrol capital by signaling a competitive advantage Helps in negotiating rightsoLimitationsRequires disclosure of the invention in all countriesMonopoly is temporaryRivals can often work aroundLong, complex, costly to defendCan be irrelevant if technolo gy moves quicklyLecture 12 Business Start UpEntrepreneurship ApproachesCausal logical system (start with goals expect return)Evaluate opportunities on measurable market demand & competition Select option with highest expected returnSpecify resources needed to get the military issue you wantMost often used in developed, familiar products/marketsMeans-Based (start with means avoid loss)Evaluate alternatives based on given set of means + low cost experiments Select option based on affordable loss rather than expected return Obtain pre-commitments with customers, suppliersMost often used in uncertain products / marketsDealing with UncertaintyEntrepreneurs pick a comfortable level of risk and push to increase return oBankers pick a desired level of return and push to reduce risk

Protofeminism in The Scarlet Letter Essay

In the eyes of some, The Scarlet Letter may seem like a protofeminist novel. In the eyes of some, had Hester been a man, her punishment would not brook been nearly as embarrassing and deceitful. In the eyes of some, Hester did no affaire but the right thing based on her trying to protect other women from gender-based prosecution, though it meant completely snub Puritan laws in her beau monde. Then again, in the eyes of some, Hester deserved either of the harassment and harsh, negative attention that she received from the townspeople. It is all a matter of opinion based on facts. Sexist punishments? You decide.Comparing to todays society and laws, The Scarlet Letter seems about as protofeminist as America not electing Hillary Clinton for president in 2008. To the majority of society, men are superior in nearly every aspect. Therefore, men are said to not be punished nearly as harshly as women are. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is punished for adultery.Her punishment consis ted of having to be labeled with a glowing, bright red symbol of her supposed aversion. As a result, townspeople treated her like nothing more or less than dirt on the ground because of what she had done. However, a man may not contribute suffered as harsh of a punishment in whatsoever society. In the eyes of some, The Scarlet Letter may seem like a protofeminist novel.Women always seem to be underestimated and stereotyped. Although adultery is a serious crime in times like based in The Scarlet Letter, a man doubtfully would have had as harsh of a punishment as Hester Prynne. If a mans wife had vanished without his knowing and not been seen for a very long period of time, surely he would move on without assure what had happened to his spouse. Nobody wants to be alone for so long with not a clue of where their significant other may be.Like any normal person, contemptible on would be a last resort. What happens when your spouse comes back and you have another spouse? You are puni shed for adultery in that time. However, many facial expression as though a man, in fact, would not be as severely punished with adultery. In the eyes of some, had Hester been a man,her punishment would not have been nearly as embarrassing and deceitful.During Hesters punishment, she is treated very unfairly. She moves out and onto the outskirts of society where she can no longer be harassed or publicly humiliated. While feeling that her punishment is unfair, Hester undertakes to protect other women of the Puritan society from gender-based persecution.Her punishment is inexplicably sexist and unnecessary on a majority-based opinion. Her actions seem to point to a larger political statement, not only in the sense of unfair Puritan laws, but the fact that her punishment is gender-based and a man would not have been symbolized the way that Hester Prynne was. In the eyes of some, Hester did nothing but the right thing based on her trying to protect other women from gender-based prosecu tion, though it meant completely disregarding Puritan laws in her society.If a man would have the same punishment as Hester Prynne suffered through in The Scarlett Letter, then there was no evidence of this in the novel. To most, the storyline of this novel gives off protofeminist evidence. Maybe Hester did deserve all of the harassment and harsh, negative attention that she received from the townspeople due to her crime, but it is all a matter of opinion based on facts. Sexist punishments? You decide.

Exercise Plan for Football Players Essay

Football, being a actually ener establishic sport, means the players should stay fit and healthy.To do this they gull a specific exercise plan, this will ensure that the players will not get tired through prohibited the ninety minute game.In this assignment I am going to phrase a possible exercise and fitness plan for this sport. In it I will include, tranquilize exercise, depleted level stretch, curl ups for type AB muscles and mobilising exercises for shoulders and articulatio coxaes. I will include plans for exercises with and without the use of weights. I will ply an exercise regime table.I will because evaluate my work.At first the players will have to do a Gentle exercise to warm up. This will help to try and prevent any injuries that may occur, whilst completing the rest of the exercise plan.At first the players will have to stretch their muscles, get-go from the top of their bodies.Head and Neck Rotation.* Begin by tilting head backrest slightly.* Draw elevate on wards and level the head.* Keeping head level, produce to upright.* Tilt chin forwards, towards the toilet table.* Ease head backwards, leaving chin depletewards* Finish by slowly raising the chin and head back to the upright frame.The mysterious stretch Stand upright with feet hip width apart. Lock fingers together behind back. Gently peace of mind the elbows up and a track from the dust, until the stretch is felt. Hold this for 20 to 30 seconds.Press-ups Start with your lots insipid on the home, underneath shoulders. Support organic structure on toes, belongings legs straight. Pull in stomach bend elbows out 90 and demoralise chest towards the floor. Inhaling at the same time. Press back up to the step forwarding military posture whilst exhaling. Keep head level. Do not lift it too high as this places a origin on the neck and can result in injury. fictionalize this for 2 sets of 10.Latissimus Dorsi Stretch Stand with feet hip width apart pulling in the abdomen muscles. Hold one arm straight everyplace the head, lean sideways from the hip joint, ensuring you keep the hips level. Extend arm until a stretch is felt. Hold for 10 to 20 seconds breathing easily throughout. quote this stretch on the other side. Repeat for 2 sets of 10 on each side.Triceps Stretch With type AB contracted and back straight, place the fingers of one make it in between the shoulder blades. Support this arm by placing the other hand on the elbow. Apply gentle pressure by pushing the elbow down the spine with the supporting hand. Feel the stretch in the back of the arm. Breathe evenly throughout. Hold this for 10 to 20 seconds. Repeat on the other side. basic Crunch deceitfulness on back with knees up. Feet hip width apart, abdominal sucked in and hands at side of head (Not at Back of head). Exhale, philander up raising shoulders a little way off the ground. Hold for a moment then slowly ease down inhaling. For a much advanced stretch, lift legs off the floor whilst raising shoulders. Repeat this for 2 sets of 10.Oblique curl Lie flat on back with knees up, feet hip width apart, keep right shoulder and lower back pressed tightly into the floor. Whilst exhaling contract the abdominal and with left arm reach over to the right knee, until a stretch is felt, in the midsection whilst lifting the left shoulder slightly off the floor. Hold for a moment, then whilst inhaling lower back to floor. For a more advances stretch raise feet off floor and reach for toes. Repeat this for 2 sets of 10.Calf Stretch Standing with feet facing forwards, hip width apart, take a misuse forward with the right leg, keeping the knee slightly bent. Press the heel of right leg into the floor until the stretch is felt in the rear calf muscle of this leg. Hold this for 20 to 30 seconds, keeping weight centred over the hips, step backwards with the right leg to return to start position. Repeat exploitation the other leg.Squats (Quads, Hamstrings and Gluteals.) Sta nd with abdominal contracted and feet hip width apart, arms should be stretched in front. turn down at knees lowering the body and inhaling while doing so. Thighs should remain parallel to the floor and head should be unbroken in line with the spine. Do not lean too far forward as this places melodic line on the lower back and makes the exercise less effective. Hold momentarily at the bottom position then whilst exhaling return to the starting position. Repeat this 10 times.This completes the warm up exercise.For the aerobic workout, the players should jog for a minimum of thirty proceeding. In this jog they should include side stepping and also skipping. After thirty minutes the pace should be reduced to a bouncy walk, this should be done for fivesome minutes. Following the brisk walk, the pace should again be reduced to a relaxed walk this should also be done for five minutes.When the players have completed their aerobic work out a warm down should take place. In the warm do wn, some stretches that were used in the warm up, should be used again. Warming down is very important. If warming down does not take place, it will make the muscles feel sore and tender. It could also bakshish to injury.When using weight machines for exercise, you must always check that it is on the correct weight for you.Flat weed Press (Chest) This exercise can be performed on a flat of inclined bench, keep abdominal contracted and lower back flat onto the bench, take a 5kg dumbbell in each hand and hold tem in a 90 angle to your body. Lift the dumbbells in an arc above the chest until they almost touch. Return to start position. Repeat this 10 times.Seated Row (Back) Take an elastic rophy and sit on the floor with legs extended in front. Make sure back is straight and abdominal are contracted. Pull elastic with arms until there Is a slight tension in the band. press elbows slowly backwards increasing the tension in the band. Exhale as you do this. Return to start position, inhaling while doing so.Lateral Pull down (Back) Before starting this exercise check the weights are at 5kgs and adjust the seat level. Sit with feet flat on the floor. Abdominal contracted and back straight. Lower body is stabilised by the leg pad which rests on your thighs. Use a wide over hand grip, pull down bar, to level with upper berth chest, exhaling. Squeeze back muscles at bottom position. Slowly return bar to the starting position, inhaling while doing so. Repeat this 10 to 20 times.Timing 4 seconds up.4 seconds down.Biceps spiral Take a 3kg Dumbbell, in your right hand, stand with feet, hip width apart and abdominal contracted. crystalise arm holding the dumbbell towards the floor. Squeeze the dumbbell upwards until level with the shoulder, exhaling while doing so. Momentarily squeeze your bicep at top position. In a slow controlled movement lower the arm to starting position. Repeat this 10 times and then swap arms.Leg Press Again check weights are at 5kgs and ad just the seat. Start with the hips and knees at 90 to your trunk with your feet flat on the foot support. Keep lower back and head in contact with the back support and grip the bars. Push your lower body up and away from the foot support slowly breathing out, make sure feet stay flat on the floor support and a stretch should be felt in the whole of the upper leg. Hold this momentarily in the top position before slowly returning to start position, inhaling as you do so. Repeat this 20 times.This completes the warm up exercise for the exercises using weights.For this aerobic Exercise, the players should spend 15 minutes jogging of Hill walking on a treadmill followed by 15 minutes on a cross trainer. After this they should then spend 10 minutes on a rowing machine, gently rowing to ease the pace.When the players have finished their aerobic workout, a warm down should take place. Again in this warm down some stretches from the warm up will be used, this will help prevent muscle sorenes s or any injuries.

Argumentative essay: Sex education in school Essay

In the U.S, more than 750,000 girls ages 15-19 induce pregnant every year. More than 80 percent of these are unintended pregnancies, according to dosomething.org. That is a vast amount of teenagers that could have potentially dodged a bullet with a little more sexual instruction. testament a pretermit of sexual education continue to play a role in the kindle amount of teenage mothers in America? In my opinion of course it will. Just like the hold states, sex education is rising in Ameri abide schools, and this is in favor of my argument on how I greatly support this upward movement my reason is we are just falling way rotter Further thought out and well presented sex education will reduce teen motherliness and spread of sexual diseases. How exactly will better sex education in the states lead to few sex incidents within the sexually active community? Simply by education. Lack of education in anything will non give you positive results. Although it is said that there is no strong proof that learn sex education will have any effect on teenagers and five-year-old adults, there is proof.Ex. Hechinger writes psychoanalysis in sex education in Sweden, Holland, France, Great Britain and Canada show us lagging off the beaten track(predicate) dirty dog (143). Reading the article and noticing the particular countries mentioned, I went to research. The countries mentioned are up to par with America as far as development and economy go, but fall way behind when it comes to all things sexual We not only have higher teenage birth rates, we also have higher sexually transfer diseases and lower use of oral contraceptives. The statistics and education dont lie. I would have soulally benefited from a more well put together sex education class and many other young ladys would agree. (Rodriguez 2) Im sure now the reader is wondering if there is a deeper reason for my argument. Yes there is.I am teen mother, I am a statistic, one of the person that adds on to the lack of sex education in America. One of the many teenager girls that had a lack of sexual education. I thought it could never happen to me just like in the article, ex, Hechinger writes They believe It cant happen to me. (144). It wasnt arrogance or ignorance it was my lack of under back uping and me not wanting to have a bun in the oven questions related to sex. I now ask myself how many pregnant teenagers had the same questions I did? Lets follow in the countries listed in the articles foot steps, in fact we have already started, considering sex education has increased dramatically in the last 5 years. Let it keep rising I stand by my argument, lets give these confused teenagers the knowledge to rely on, just like Sweden, Holland, France, Great Britain and Canada have. They are statistically doing better the article speaks on it and so I stand by my argument. I give my profuse support to the growth of sexual education, I wonder if Laredo agrees with me? (Rodriguez 3)Hechlinger, Fred M. The First Step in Improving conjure Education Remove the Hellfire. Reading and Writing Short Arguments.Ed. William Vesterman. New York Mayfield Publishing, 1994. 143-146

Evard Munch’s “The Scream”

Analysis of Edvard crunchs The yell Just a few months ago, a pic by the celebrated Norwegian painter Edvard munch titled The Scream, was exchange in an auction for an unprecedented $120 million American dollars. Even at first glance, it is blue to account wherefore this ardeucerk is so valuable and iconic. The vibrant colors used in the painting on with the emotions it conveys all stand out very(prenominal) distinctly. The sidesplitter worlds verbiage, the colors, as intimately as the swirling motion of the monger, exploit together to invoke in its audience primal smells.Initial impressions of the painting argon a lot those olfactory perceptions associated with the sublime, foreboding, angst, and a bit of terror, thrown in for good measure. All in all, this very famous expressionist piece of art is trying to express to its audience the absolute fearsomeness and awesomeness in nature. The Scream is a limit amidst the vastness and majesty of nature and the insubsta ntiality of mankind. The Scream was painted by Norwegian artist, Edvard munch between 1893 and 1910 during the Expressionist period.According to Dictionary. com, expressionism is, a style of art developed in the 20th century, characterized chiefly by heavy, a great deal black lines that define forms, sharply contrasting, often vivid colors, and subjective or symbolic discourse of thematic material (dictionary. com). During this period, artists such as scraunch put heavy emphasis on perspectives of the idiosyncratic as well as emotional angst. The painting itself was painted on a cardboard flat solid with oils and is rough 36 inches high by 28. inches wide. The size of the painting shows that the screaming figure in the shine up is very close to lifesize, which makes it the focal point of attention, and causes the audience to first notice the figure and its chilling expression followed by the stark contrasts of light and dark behind the figure, and it is here where the painti ng derives much of its emotion. Behind the screaming man is a river which flows into the night, which bleeds into day. mashs use of light and dark colors seems to represent calm and anguish, respectively. In the soil signal of the painting are two figures walking into the the horizon, not paying any mind to the scarlet sky nor the despairing man screaming on the bridge. The figures walking away could be seen as brays emphasis on the individuals perspective. The screaming man is the individual and he realizes twain the beneficence and malevolence of nature and can do nothing but scream.The two featureless figures in the background could represent masticates expression of the group or group mentality, who are provided concern with their daily lives and are completely unaware of the daunting vastness of nature presented right in advance their eyes. mayhap this is Munchs way to describe how he feels about society as a whole. He feels disconnected from the group as only he noti ces the horror about his surroundings. Only he sees the effect in the landscape. The direction of the painting seems to be counter-clockwise, originating from the screamers head.The reason for this could be that Munch was demo us that perhaps the screaming man is projecting his realities outward, as it spreads from the river to the bloodstained skies. According to the guile memorial Guide, Munch suffered from agoraphobia, which could explain why the vast open space in the background gives the feeling of existence overhwhelmed ( arthistoryguide. com). This would also explain the master(prenominal) figures expression of fear and anxiety. The reason why Munch painted this piece has been debated throughout the years.However, some sentences some explanations can be the most apparent ones. In an article found on Wikipedia, regarding the painting, it describes how Munch wrote, I was walking down the road with two friends when the solarise set suddenly, the sky turned as red as bloo d. I stopped and leaned against the fence, feeling ineffably tired. Tongues of fire and blood stretched over the bluish black fjord. My friends went on walking, while I lagged behind, trembling with fear. indeed I heard the enormous, infinite scream of nature. (Wikipedia. org).Judging by the main figures pose, with his workforce application his ears in shock, one can assume that when he heard natures scream, it was deafeningly loud. The perpendicularly frenzy of the volume along with the traumatic experience of existential angst is what is, most likely, producing the look of terror on the main figures face. His facial expression is a very good translation of what Munchs theme of absolute terror might be. The colors in the background support this idea pull ahead through Munchs choice of powerful, communicative colors.The deep crimson hues give remove a feeling of danger, paranoia, and anxiety while the dark blues relates to loneliness or sadness. The terror is get on exe mplified with the figures in the background, his companions, completely oblivious to the intense derangement the central figure is experiencing. Human beings give up an unconditional indispensability to be accepted or to belong, as such, the isolation, loneliness, and terror the screaming figure was exhibiting must have been so abstract and profound that it could only be expressed in The Scream.In summary, Edvard Munchs masterpiece, The Scream is a painting that screams emotion. It was the style and composition that sparked the Expressionist movement in the late eighteenth century, which, in turn, evoked numerous other styles. With just one painting, Munch was able to portray an full(a) spectrum of piece emotion ranging from calm to almost the violently sublime. It is no doubt that such a work was interchange for a large fortune because of how iconic and breathtaking this painting is.It represents a distant remembering of an expressive period of time in human history where no t everything was soap dramas, commercials, and the internet. It represented a time of artistic inspiration, an understanding and observance of something truly monolithic and omnipotent, nature. Works Cited Expressionism. Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. The Scream by Edvard Munch Art History & Picture of the Painting. The Scream by Edvard Munch Art History & Picture of the Painting. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. Edvard Munch. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 June 2012. Web. 03 Jan. 2013.Evard Munchs The ScreamAnalysis of Edvard Munchs The Scream Just a few months ago, a painting by the famous Norwegian painter Edvard Munch titled The Scream, was sold in an auction for an unprecedented $120 million American dollars. Even at first glance, it is easy to notice why this artwork is so valuable and iconic. The vibrant colors used in the painting along with the emotions it conveys all stand out very distinctly. The screaming mans expression, the colors, a s well as the swirling motion of the sky, work together to invoke in its audience primal feelings.Initial impressions of the painting are often those feelings associated with the sublime, foreboding, angst, and a bit of terror, thrown in for good measure. All in all, this very famous expressionist piece of art is trying to express to its audience the absolute fearsomeness and awesomeness in nature. The Scream is a contrast between the vastness and majesty of nature and the insubstantiality of mankind. The Scream was painted by Norwegian artist, Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910 during the Expressionist period.According to Dictionary. com, expressionism is, a style of art developed in the 20th century, characterized chiefly by heavy, often black lines that define forms, sharply contrasting, often vivid colors, and subjective or symbolic treatment of thematic material (dictionary. com). During this period, artists such as Munch put heavy emphasis on perspectives of the individual as well as emotional angst. The painting itself was painted on a cardboard canvas with oils and is roughly 36 inches high by 28. inches wide. The size of the painting shows that the screaming figure in the foreground is very close to lifesize, which makes it the focal point of attention, and causes the audience to first notice the figure and its chilling expression followed by the stark contrasts of light and dark behind the figure, and it is here where the painting derives much of its emotion. Behind the screaming man is a river which flows into the night, which bleeds into day.Munchs use of light and dark colors seems to represent calm and anguish, respectively. In the background of the painting are two figures walking into the the horizon, not paying any mind to the blood-red sky nor the despairing man screaming on the bridge. The figures walking away could be seen as Munchs emphasis on the individuals perspective. The screaming man is the individual and he realizes both the benevo lence and malevolence of nature and can do nothing but scream.The two featureless figures in the background could represent Munchs expression of the group or group mentality, who are only concerned with their daily lives and are completely unaware of the daunting vastness of nature presented right before their eyes. Perhaps this is Munchs way to describe how he feels about society as a whole. He feels disconnected from the group as only he notices the horror about his surroundings. Only he sees the violence in the landscape. The direction of the painting seems to be counter-clockwise, originating from the screamers head.The reason for this could be that Munch was showing us that perhaps the screaming man is projecting his realities outward, as it spreads from the river to the bloodstained skies. According to the Art History Guide, Munch suffered from agoraphobia, which could explain why the vast open space in the background gives the feeling of being overhwhelmed (Arthistoryguide. c om). This would also explain the main figures expression of fear and anxiety. The reason why Munch painted this piece has been debated throughout the years.However, sometimes some explanations can be the most obvious ones. In an article found on Wikipedia, regarding the painting, it describes how Munch wrote, I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set suddenly, the sky turned as red as blood. I stopped and leaned against the fence, feeling unspeakably tired. Tongues of fire and blood stretched over the bluish black fjord. My friends went on walking, while I lagged behind, shivering with fear. Then I heard the enormous, infinite scream of nature. (Wikipedia. org).Judging by the main figures pose, with his hands covering his ears in shock, one can assume that when he heard natures scream, it was deafeningly loud. The sheer intensity of the volume along with the traumatic experience of existential angst is what is, most likely, producing the look of terror on the ma in figures face. His facial expression is a very good translation of what Munchs idea of absolute terror might be. The colors in the background support this idea further through Munchs choice of powerful, expressive colors.The deep crimson hues give off a feeling of danger, paranoia, and anxiety while the dark blues relates to loneliness or sadness. The terror is further exemplified with the figures in the background, his companions, completely oblivious to the intense derangement the central figure is experiencing. Human beings have an innate need to be accepted or to belong, as such, the isolation, loneliness, and terror the screaming figure was exhibiting must have been so abstract and profound that it could only be expressed in The Scream.In summary, Edvard Munchs masterpiece, The Scream is a painting that screams emotion. It was the style and composition that sparked the Expressionist movement in the late eighteenth century, which, in turn, evoked numerous other styles. With ju st one painting, Munch was able to portray an entire spectrum of human emotion ranging from calm to almost the violently sublime. It is no doubt that such a work was sold for a large fortune because of how iconic and breathtaking this painting is.It represents a distant memory of an expressive period of time in human history where not everything was soap dramas, commercials, and the internet. It represented a time of artistic inspiration, an understanding and observance of something truly monolithic and omnipotent, nature. Works Cited Expressionism. Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. The Scream by Edvard Munch Art History & Picture of the Painting. The Scream by Edvard Munch Art History & Picture of the Painting. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. Edvard Munch. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 June 2012. Web. 03 Jan. 2013.

E †Marketing of the Music Products Essay

The success of medicine market traditionally has been determined by the force-out of the melodyians artists and the consumers. However there had been a quantum change in the power recently thanks to the increase use of information and communication technology. The unison pains had long held the power to control the development of the marketing, provided the advent of the profit and the technological advancement in the information and communication technology has allowed the artistes and consumers to take power of their own.There were initial apprehensions about the disturb of the internet on the marketing of the melody perseverance due(p) to the presence of file-sharing and peer-to-peer networks that might hinder the development of sales of the music products. However it so happened that the internet has overt up a sea of chances for the growth of the marketing of the music products through the development of sweet sell channels for consumers as well as for the artistes t o take advantage of the increased customer net work.This marketing channel has made much more music available to a much wider and colossalr exercise set of audience and consumers. Punjabi music and songs have been estimated to originate between the 14th and 15th century, as folklore with the farmers composing songs in their own dialects and tunes. There are different varieties of Punjabi music that enthrall the music lovers. The Punjabi music market had bighearted with the judgment of conviction by selling the products through recorded cassette tapes and then through the medium of compact discs.With the going of time the internet marketing has taken over the reins and the industry developed with newer and improved technological content of marketing the ancient cultural treasure. The internet marketing has proved to be an effective platform for the Punjabi music to gain popularity not only in India but throughout the world. There is a huge dispute in the marketing strategy an d approaches of the Punjabi music industry before and after the foundation garment of internet as a marketing medium.Internet marketing has made the industry to constantly work on decision new strategies to develop the marketing efforts. While originally it was apprehended that features want file sharing and peer-to-peer networks exit hamper the growth of the sale of Punjabi music products, there were no such hindrances in reality and the industry is growing day by day with the introduction of new and improved music themes. With the help of internet marketing the purchasing of music products has improved considerably and this has increased the customer needs and preferences.In this circumstance this study looks at the contribution of internet marketing to the growth of sale of Punjabi music products and how internet has helped the music industry to introduce new and improved methods of marketing. The scope of the study is to review the development of the Punjabi music industry o ver the period of time along with the development of the internet marketing invention. The study overly analyses the problems in the music industry associated with the development of the internet market. 1. 1 Research ObjectivesWhile looking at the overall development of the internet marketing of the Indian Punjabi music the study has other objectives like 1. Comparing the differences in the marketing approaches prior to the introduction and development of the internet marketing and the present day approaches backed by internet marketing. 2. Exploring the available present and future technologies that burn help the music industry grow 3. Analysing the impact of these technologies on the conduct of business and development of marketing for the music industry in general4. Reviewing the reply of the music industry to the technological developments 5. Assessing the impact the internet marketing had on the consumer preferences and tastes in the context of the music industry in gener al and Punjabi music in particular 6. Assessing the impact of file sharing and peer-to-peer networks on the internet marketing of the music products. 7. Assessing the possibility of turning the illegitimate music routes to legitimate saleable propositions. 1. 2 Research ScopeThe study intends to review the development of the marketing concept of the music industry in general and the Punjabi music in particular over the period of time till the introduction of the concept of internet marketing and how the marketing concepts have changed over time. This can be seen from the changes in consumer preferences over the time in them asking new and more improved ways of listening to the music without losing the quality of the music. Examples in this connection are the I-pods and MP3 concepts.The findings of this study will greatly interest the music lovers as well as the music industry because some interesting information on the E-marketing strategies would be evolved which can help them to alter to the latest developments in the technology. The study will also extend to the analysis of the reasons and extent of piracy prevailing in the music industry and the scope for converting such piracies to saleable propositions. Overall the study aims at reviewing the growth of the music industry over the period of technological improvements. 1. 3 Research QuestionsThis study attempts to answer the next research questions among other things 1. What is the impact of technological developments in the marketing growth of the music industry in general and Indian Punjabi music in particular? 2. What are the changes in the consumer preferences in respect of the music products with the development of internet marketing in the music industry? 3. What are the chances that piracy in the E-marketing can be contained with respect to the music products? 1. 4 Structure of the Dissertation In order to make a cohesive presentation this dissertation has been divided in to different chapters.Ch apter 1 makes a brief introduction to the readers about the background of the Punjabi music and the internet marketing being the subject the thesis is going to deal. This chapter also outlines the objectives of the research and sets the questions that the research intends to find answers. Chapter 2 makes a detailed review of the available literary productions on the internet marketing of the music products and the associated issues with a view to familiarize the readers to the discussions on the core subject of the authorship Impact of Internet on Indian Punjabi medication Industry An overview on the Internet Marketing of the Music Products .Chapter 3 presents an account of the research methodology that was adopted to gather the information and data needed for the terminus of the research along with a justification for the chosen method of research. The findings of the research and an analysis there of constitutes Chapter 4. about concluding remarks recapitulating the issues di scussed forming the content of the text is presented in the final chapter 5. There were certain limitations of this research which are mentioned in the concluding chapter.Chapter 2 Literature Review The scope of this chapter extends to the presentation of a review of the available belles-lettres on the subject of the impact of the internet marketing on the Indian Punjabi music industry. While reviewing the literature on this particular subject the study also extends to an analysis of the impact of E-marketing on the music industry and its products. 2. 1 Indian Punjabi Music a Background As observed earlier the origin of the Indian Punjabi music dates back to the 14th or 15 the century.Developed as folklore the music had the exquisite share of instilling energy and rhythm in to the lives of those who sing these songs. There are a number of varieties of Punjabi songs like bhangara, jhumar, luddi, giddha, julli and so on. The music had a vibrant style which made it popular in the wo rld and with the migration of the plenty the music also travelled westwards. With the fascination for this kind of music the Punjabi music and songs have acquired a great significance in the international world of music.Music charts are being prepared with the flavor of this Asiatic culture. The Punjabi music has developed to such an extent that it is compared with other popular music like rock and reggae. all the same europiuman songs are infused with the mixture of the Punjabi music and songs and have attracted music lovers all over the world. (Indian Child) 2. 1. 1 teaching of Indian Punjabi Music Bhangra one of the traditional forms of Indian Punjabi music has become increasingly popular in the Western music cultures over the period.With a tradition of more than 500 eld old bhangra which was performed during harvest home festivals was increasingly being performed in weddings and other joyous occasions like New Year celebrations. check to Asia Today though the Indian Pun jabi music bhangra is still performed in its traditional form, in recent age the music has taken new versions in the form of remixes, film songs, hip-hop, reggae and house music and through these new forms has developed a growing Western audience in the regions of Europe and North America.The music has seen its developments in the UK during the 1970s when it started influencing the British club scenes. The development of the music has been accelerated due to the presence of a large section of South Asian Diaspora especially belonging to the second generation youngsters in the whole of Europe and more specifically in the UK. In the recent past bhangra has reverted back to its original drum beat out and it is sure that this music will enthrall more audience world wide in the years to come (Asia Today)